Porsche 911 (964): Enthusiast's Companion?

Index

A

ABS (antiblocking system), 228, 245, 248-256
  2-LED tester fault codes, 401
 bypass switch, Carrera Cup, 554
 components, 249-253, 409
 failure, 223
 fault codes, 400-401, 407-408
 function, 248
 maintenance, 256
  model variations, 31
  operation, 253-255
  tests, 73, 409
  troubleshooting, 396-404, 407-410
  warning system, 222-224, 252, 349, 350, 397-399, 407

ABS control unit, 8, 248-250, 368, 408, 410
See also PDAS/ABS control unit

ABS hydraulic unit, 249, 256, 404

ABS speed sensor, 401, 408

Acceleration enrichment device, 155-156, 165

Accelerometers, 221, 251, 399, 403

Air filter, 35, 104, 430, 451, 506, 507, 566

Air flow, enhancement of, 506-510

Air flow sensor
  CIS, 148, 149
  connector, 6, 390, 393
  DME engine management, 138, 390
  mass air flow sensor, 507
  throttle valve modification and, 508

Air intake
  CIS, 159-160
  DME engine management, 137
  model variations, 8, 40
  modifications, 506-508
  Varioram installations, 515

Air pump drive belt, 457

Air temperature sensor, 391, 421

Airbag system, 369-371
  model variations, 6, 8, 14
  prepurchase inspection, 66
  removal and installation, 499-500
  service and maintenance, 105
  troubleshooting, 412-413
  visual guides, 370-371
  warning light, 349, 350, 370, 375, 381
   repair, 496-499
   resetting, 412

Air-conditioner switch, 335

Air-conditioning and heating control unit, 73, 140, 334-336, 344, 346
  fault, 386
  fresh air system, 348
  replacement, 337-338
  troubleshooting, 414-415

Air-conditioning system, 295, 332-343
See also Oil cooler
  ATF cooler, 340
  belts, 185
  charging, 471
  components, 334, 470-471
  compressor
   clutch relay and fuse, 353
   engine-belt-driven assembly, 334
   relay and fuse, 334
   removing, 449
   troubleshooting, 414
   valve core replacement, 470
  condenser and fan assembly, 334, 339
   model variations, 40
   O-ring replacement, 471
   troubleshooting, 414
  control panel, 334, 386
  model variations, 8, 11, 14, 20, 27, 35, 40
  operation, 341-343
   defrost mode, 336, 342-343
   normal air mode, 341
   recirculation mode, 335, 341
   theory of, 332-333
  option prices, 6
  prepurchase inspection, 73, 75
  removal, 513, 543
  repair, 468-472
  service, 86, 104
  tests, 87-89, 471-472
  troubleshooting, 413-414

Air/fuel ratio, 142-144, 152, 155-156, 167, 510, 514

Alarm system, 363-366
  backup battery charging systems, failed, 385
  control unit, 363, 364
  inputs and outputs, 366
  model variations, 8, 363-364
  operation, 364
  prepurchase inspection, 69
  radio rack alarm, 367-368, 385
  troubleshooting, 418
  versions, 363-365

All wheel drive (AWD), 17, 188, 206-209, 505, 564, 581
See also PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung)

Alternator, 170-173
  belts
   sizes, 185
   tensioning, 482-483
  crankshaft pulley modification, effect of, 513
  installation, 480-481
  model variations, 14, 35
  removal and repair, 477-480
  suppressor, noise, 354
  troubleshooting, 380-384
  warning light, 381

Altitude compensation system, 143, 158, 395

America GS, 9, 21, 50, 580, 583

American Roadster, 9, 19, 50, 52, 57, 580, 583

Andial
  Carrera Cup conversions, 10, 554-555
  engine modification kit, Turbo S2, 34

Antenna, internal, 300, 493

Antiblocking system (ABS)
 See ABS (antiblocking system)

Antirun-on valve, carbon canister fuel venting system, 166-167

Authenticity checks, 56-59

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF)
  cooler, 340, 454
  emergency filling, 90
  maintenance, 89-90
  temperature sensor, 415

AWD
See All wheel drive (AWD)
See also PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung)

Axles, 14, 31, 103, 260, 277
See also Wheel alignment

B

Backup lights, 361, 418

Ball joints, 103

Barnard, John, 549

Barth, Juergen, 18

Bastin, Christophe, 571

Battery, 170-171, 173
  lightweight battery, installing, 544
  service and maintenance, 102, 104, 184
  troubleshooting, 380-383
  winter storage, 92, 96-97

Bayless, Gary, 564

Beatty, Jon, 477, 482

Behrman, Michael, 467, 565

Belt tension sensor, 174

Benet, Michael, 516

Bilstein suspension components, 31, 35, 528, 531, 534

Blower fan
  bypass, 557
  ducting, 343-344
  fault, 386
  final stage amplifier, 334, 344
  multi-speed, 334, 344
  rear blower, 345-347, 414-415
   fuse, 353
   motor replacement, 475-476
   relay, 345
   removing, 448
  speed switch, 335
  troubleshooting, 414-415

Body, 291-329
See also Bumpers; Exterior; Fenders; Interior
  carbon fibre parts, 549
  crash repairs, 327-323
  design, 292-299
  floor pan, 297-299
  glass, 300
 See also Windows
  high strength (HS) steel body panels, 296
  maintenance guide, 104-105
  model variations, 18, 20, 24, 27, 32, 37, 40
  performance modifications, 521-522
  prepurchase inspection, 61-64
  prices, 16
  repairs, 490-499
  right-hand drive vs. left-hand drive, 319-323
  seam welding, 324-327
  troubleshooting, 410-413
  water leaks, 329

Boge suspension system and components, 231, 529-531, 533

Boost pressure control valve (waste gate), 164, 394

Boost pressure sensor, 160

Boost pressure switch, 160

Booster system, brake
See Brake system

Bosch 9268 flashing code tester, 612-614

Bosch 9288 tester, 256, 269, 336, 370, 396, 400, 407-408, 412, 612-614

Bosch antiblocking system
See ABS (antiblocking system)

Bosch continuous fuel injection system
See Continuous injection system (CIS)

Bosch dual ignition, 175

Bosch EZ69 electronic ignition, 7, 179-183

Bosch headlights, 356

Bosch Motronic (DME) engine management system
See DME engine management

Brake lights, troubleshooting, 417

Brake system, 239-256
See also ABS (antiblocking system)
  4-wheel brake discs, 239, 245-247, 277, 540
  brake booster system, 241-243, 245-247
   high pressure hydraulic brake booster, 85, 241-243, 264-268, 540
   failure, 223
   pressure switch replacement, 486-488
   troubleshooting, 404-406
   vacuum powered brake booster, 243, 264, 268, 540
   warning light, 242, 349-350, 398, 405-406
  brake pads, 18, 539
   applications, 272
   brake squealing, correction for, 271-272
   performance enhancement, 540, 565
   replacement, 270-271, 488-489
   specifications, 246-247
   wear warning, 270
  callipers, 228, 245-247, 277, 539
   brake squealing, correction for, 271-272
   performance enhancement, 540-542
   racing modification, 558
  cruise control operation, 368
  fluid reservoir, 244, 540
  hydraulic front and rear brake circuits, 240, 264, 267-268
  master cylinder, 239-241, 246-247, 540, 542
  model variations, 8, 18, 21, 24, 26, 36
  parking brake, 245-247, 350
  performance modifications, 538-542
  prepurchase inspection, 75
  rear brake pressure regulator (rear brake bias valve), 240-241
  repairs, 270-271, 486-489
  service and maintenance, 103, 105
   bleeding, 85, 264-268, 399
   pads, 270-272
   squealing, 271-272
  specifications, 245-247
  troubleshooting, 404-406
  turbocharger/supercharger installation, 515
  warning light, 242, 349-350, 398, 405-406
  winterisation, 95

Brake/hydraulic fluid
  brake hydraulic boost pressure failure, 223
  low brake fluid level, 223
  maintenance, 85, 105, 399
  PDAS operation, 212
  performance modification, 540-541
  reservoir, 244, 540
  troubleshooting, 404-406

Braking distance, 539

Braking force, 539

Bucket seats, 41, 311, 312

Bumpers, 63, 294, 359

Buyer"s guide, 54-76
  authenticity checks, 56-58
  first look, 48, 59-60
  post-purchase maintenance, 77
  prepurchase guide, 48, 61-76
  prepurchase inspection, 48, 76
  price drivers, 55-56
  pricing guide, 55
  sources of 964s, 55

Buying and owning, 47-105
See also Buyer"s guide; Service and maintenance
  cleaning and detailing, 98-102
  model comparisons, 49-54
  storage and seasonal service, 91-97

C

Cabriolet, 5, 49, 577-580, 582-583
  alarm system, test of, 69
  roof
 See Roof

California, 11, 56, 134-135, 145

Cam profile, 516

Camshafts, 20, 34, 35, 39, 119, 514

Carbon canister fuel venting system, 166-167

Carbon fibre, 549

Carrera, 911 (3.2) (1984-1989), 17

Carrera 2
  brake system modifications, 540-542
  Cabriolet, 5, 7, 14-16, 57, 577-580, 582-583
   Tiptronic, 5, 7, 16, 582-583
   Turbo-look, 19, 50, 583
   Turbo-look Tiptronic, 9-10, 14, 583
  Carrera 4 differentiated, 50-51
  Carrera RS differentiated, 26-28
  Coupe, 5, 7, 14-16, 56-57, 577-579, 582-583
   Tiptronic, 5, 7, 16, 582-583
  engine types, 108
  power lost at transmission, 505-506
  production numbers, 582-583
  racing use, 558-560, 562
  RSA (RS America)
 See RS America (RSA)
  Targa, 5, 7, 14, 52, 57, 577-579, 582-583
   "Florio," 25
   Tiptronic, 5, 7
  Tiptronic, 54, 193, 577-579, 582-583
  transmission applications, 193
  Turbo-look, 57, 108, 580, 583
   Tiptronic, 54, 580, 583
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-580
  winter storage, 91-92, 96-97

Carrera 4
  Anniversary Turbo-look
 See Porsche 911, Anniversary Turbo-look Carrera 4
  brake system modifications, 541-542
  Cabriolet, 5, 49, 577-579, 582-583
   model codes, 57
   price, 7
  Carrera 2 compared, 50-51
  Coupe, 4, 5, 7, 14, 16, 17, 56, 577-580, 582-583
   Turbo-look, 56, 580, 583
  driveline, 188
  engine removal, 447, 453, 455-456
  engine types, 108
  power lost at transmission, 505
  production numbers, 582-583
  RS lightweight, 18
  Targa, 5, 7, 14, 49, 57, 577-579, 582-583
  Tiptronic, 577-580, 582-583
  transmission applications, 193
  Turbo-look, 15, 24, 50, 108, 580, 582-583
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-580
  winterisation/dewinterisation, 91, 93-95, 97

Carrera Cup, 10, 512, 554-557, 579-580, 582-583

Carrera RS, 9-10, 26-32, 580, 583
See also RS 3.8; RSR 3.8
  Carrera 2 differentiated, 26-30
  DME control unit, 512
  engine type, 108
  model code, 57
  NGT, 29, 580, 583
  performance enhancements, 502
  price, 7
  racing use, 566-567, 569
  seam welding, 324-327
  Touring, 29
  transmission applications, 193
  version differences, 29

Catalyst bypass pipe, 508-509, 565

Catalytic converters, 169-170, 509, 566

CD player, 6, 8, 70

Central informer
See Warning system

Certificate of Authenticity, 58

Chain tensioner oil supply galleries, 119

Chassis, model variations, 20, 24, 35

Check Engine light, 8, 145

Child seats, 315

Cigarette lighter, 70

CIS
See Continuous injection system (CIS)

Cleaning, 98-102
  battery, 102
  engine, 101-102
  exterior washing, wax, and polish, 98-99
  interior, 100-101
  tyre dressing, 101

Clock, 375
  troubleshooting, 422
  warning lights in, 375, 381, 422

Closed loop mode, 143-144, 155

Closed throttle switch, 139

Clutch, 191-192
  bleeding hydraulic clutch, 264, 268
  lightweight assemblies, 520-521
  model variations, 8, 11, 35
  modifications, 516
  prepurchase inspection, 68, 75
  service and maintenance, 105
  shaft, removing, 458
  slave cylinder, reinstalling, 459

Coil springs, 229-233, 523, 525
  aftermarket springs, 527
  lowering of car, 527-529, 534-535
  manufacturers, 528
  model variations, 8, 11
  rates, 526-527

Cold start system, 158-159

Colour
  exterior, 30, 55, 293
  codes, 56, 59, 62, 597-598
  interior codes, 56, 310, 598-602
  model variations, 8, 21

Comfort seats, 311

Compressor
See Air-conditioning system

Compressor bypass valve (CBV)
See Recirculating air valve

Condenser and fan assembly
See Air-conditioning system

Connecting rods, 117, 516

Continuous injection system (CIS), 7, 110, 125, 145-167, 393-395
  acceleration enrichment, 155-156
  air intake regulation, 159-160
  altitude compensator, 158, 395
  cold start system, 158-159
  components, 147
  control pressure regulator, 157-158, 394
  description, 148
  fault codes, 400-401
  frequency valve, 152-153, 395
  fuel injectors, 148, 153, 158, 394
  fuel pump relay (R61), 128, 394
  intercooler
 See Intercooler
  operation, 149
  with oxygen sensor control, 151, 395
  secondary air injection, 161-162
  throttle switch operation, 156
  Turbo 3.6 (1993-1994), 146-147
  Turbo (1991-1992), 145-146
  turbocharger, 163-164
  without oxygen sensor control, 150

Control panel, air-conditioner
See Air-conditioning system

Control pressure regulator, CIS, 157-158, 394

Control valve, carbon canister venting system, 167

Controlled limited slip differential (PSD), 200, 204-205

Cooling fan
  alternator/cooling fan assembly, 479-481
  bearing replacement, 477-481
  crankshaft pulley modification, effect of, 513

Cooling system
See also Air-conditioning; Heating system
  engine, 346-347
  fanbelts, 185
  prepurchase inspection, 73-75

Corrosion, 60, 61, 292
  battery corrosion, cleaning, 102
  brake callipers, 271
  central electric corrosion, 386

Costs
See Prices

Coulthard, David, 44

Country codes, 576, 592-593

Crankcase, 116

Crankshaft, 117, 516

Crankshaft pulley, 11, 14, 513

Cruise control, 368-369, 419

Cup design wheels
See Wheels

Curtis, Jeff, 558-559

CV (constant velocity) joint, 455

Cylinder air ducting, 118

Cylinder head (engine) temperature sensor, 138

Cylinder heads
  machining, 462
  modification, 514
  refacing (normally aspirated engine), 460-463
  torque, 463

Cylinders, Turbo 3.6 engine, 118

D

Data maps, 143-144

Defrost servo valve, 345, 415

Defroster switch, 336, 342-343

Demister
See Rear window demister/wiper

Design wheels
See Wheels

Differential, 200-205
See also Limited slip differential
  applications, 200
  lubrication (final drive fluid), 90
  prepurchase inspection, 67
  standard open differential, 200, 203
  Tiptronic open differential, 205

Differential locks
  bleeding, 399
  limited slip differential, 201-202
  model variations, 14
  PDAS
   bleeding, 396
   dual solenoid valve, 218
   lateral (transverse) lock, 211-213, 218, 220, 396, 401
   longitudinal (interaxle) lock, 211-212, 218, 220-221, 396, 401
   slave cylinders, 219
   testing, 403
   troubleshooting, 396, 398, 400-401
  replacement or disconnection, 269

Digital Motor Electronics
See DME engine management

Distributor (fuel)
See Fuel distributor, CIS

Distributor (ignition), 131
  cap replacement, 467
  dual distributor disassembled, 432
  model variations, 11, 14, 183
  normally aspirated models, 175-176, 179
  prepurchase inspection, 67
  secondary distributor drive belt
   problems with, 186
   replacement (normally aspirated models), 104, 431-435
  Turbo engine, 179
  vent kit modification, 60, 67, 186

DME control unit, 6, 134, 335
See also Air flow sensor; Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM)
  air-conditioning control unit signals, 140
  applications, 135
  Carrera Cup, 554-555, 557
  coding, 136
  connector, 390-392
  data maps, 143-144
  idle speed control, 139-140
  ignition control, 132, 175-179
  maintenance, 184
  model variations, 134-135
  resonance valve control, 141
  sensors, 138-139, 142-143
  troubleshooting, 421
  upgrade, 512

DME engine management, 4, 17, 125, 130-145
  air intake, 137
  altitude compensation system, 143
  Check Engine light, 145
  connectors, 390-393
  evaporative emission control, 144
  fuel injectors, 137, 393
   connector, 391
   testing of valves, 391
  fuel pump
 See Fuel pump
  idle speed control, 139-140
  ignition control, 175-179
  layout, 132
  main/fuel pump relay (R41), 133, 387-388
  model variations, 8, 11, 14
  oxygen sensor system, 142-144
  resonance valve, 141
  RUF engine, 545
  sensors, 138-139, 390-392
  system description, 130-133
  tachometer, 373
  troubleshooting, 387-395

Documentation, service, 60

Do-it-yourself repairs
See Repairs

Doohan, Michael, 43

Double mass flywheel (DMF)
See Flywheel

Drivability, 67-68

Drive axle, 103, 206, 209, 455

Drive belt pulleys, modification of, 513

Drive belts, sizes of, 185

Driver education courses, 524

Driveshaft, centre, 188, 206

Drivetrain, 187-225
See also All wheel drive (AWD); Clutch; Differential; Flywheel; PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung); Transmission
  model variations, 26, 35
  service and maintenance, 105
  troubleshooting, 396-403

Dual airbags
See Airbag system

Dual heat exchangers
See Heat exchangers

Dual solenoid valve, PDAS, testing, 404

Dual speed control relay, 353

Ducting, heating system, 343-344

Dwell angle, 177, 178, 510

E

Eibach suspension upgrade components, 528, 534, 535

Electric seats
See Seats

Electrical and electronic systems
See also Alternator; On-board computer
  ABS wiring, 253
  central electric (main fuse and relay panel), 69, 382, 386
  central locking system, 362-363, 419
  distribution, 353-354
  engine removal, disconnecting harnesses/wiring for, 447-449, 452, 458
  heating system, 344-345
  idle stabiliser, 139-140, 181-182
  ignition system interference, 422
  lights
 See Lights
  maintenance and repair, 104-105, 475-486, 489-490
  model variations, 28, 38, 40
  PDAS/ABS control unit wiring, 225
  power disconnect switch, Carrera Cup, 554
  prepurchase inspection, 69
  requirements, 379
  spark plug wire replacement, 467
  suppressors, noise, 354
  troubleshooting, 380, 416-419
  windows, 355
  winterisation, 95
  wipers and washers, 355

Elji, 573

Emergency equipment, 68

Emergency mode, 144

Emissions
  Check Engine light, 145
  evaporative emission control, DME system, 144
  inspections reports, 60, 68
  service and maintenance, 103-104

Engine, 107-121
  applications, 108
  cleaning, 101-102
  electrics, troubleshooting, 380-386
  fault codes, 613
  label information, 56
  model variations, 26, 35, 39, 41
  modifications
   performance enhancement, 505-521
   prepurchase inspection, 67
  number codes, 56, 108, 581
  power curves, 120
  series ID and date of manufacture code, 57-59, 67
  suspension, 112
  transplants, 516
  troubleshooting
 See Troubleshooting
  upgrade kit, 506

Engine bay lid gas struts, 317-318

Engine compartment
  maintenance guide, 103-104
  prepurchase inspection, 67-68

Engine mechanical, 108-112
  engine suspension, 112
  normally aspirated engine, 109-110
  turbocharged engine, 110-111

Engine mounts, 35, 112, 121

Engine oil temperature sensor, 182

Engine repairs, 425-467
  cost, 464-466
  cylinder head refacing (normally aspirated engine), 460-463
  cylinder head torque, 463
  distributor cap, rotor and spark plug wires replacement, 467
  engine/transmission assembly, separating and assembling, 458-459
  flywheel speed reference sensor alignment, 460
  heat exchanger replacement (normally aspirated engine), 440-443
  installing engine, 457
  oil level sender replacement, 437-440
  oil pressure sender replacement (normally aspirated models), 435-437
  power steering belt replacement, 444-445
  rebuilt engine
   cost, 516
   problems of, 464-466
  removing engine, 446-457
  secondary distributor drive belt replacement (normally aspirated models), 104, 431-435
  Turbo intercooler removal and installation, 466
  valve adjustment, 425-431

Engine speed governor, 166

Engine speed reference mark sensor, 392

Engine speed sensor connector, 392, 393

Engine temperature sensor, 421
  connector, 393
  oil temperature sensor, 182
  testing, 390

English to American translations, 608

Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), 134, 145, 510-511

Evaporative emission control, 144

Evaporator, 334

Evaporator freeze sensor, 334

Excellence, 49, 55

Exclusiv options, 593-596

Exhaust headers, 510

Exhaust system, 39
See also Emissions
  catalytic converter, 169-170
  normally aspirated exhaust, 167-168
  performance enhancement of, 508-510, 565
  service and maintenance, 103
  turbocharged exhaust, 168-169

Expansion valve, 334, 470

Exterior, 301-309
See also Body; Colour; Rear spoiler; Roof
  washing, 98-99
  wax and polish, 99

F

Fan belt
  loose, 381
  tensioning, 482-483

Fan belt tension sensor, 174

Fault codes, 400-401, 613-614

Fault testing, 612

Fenders, 20, 40, 64, 65

Filters
  air
See Air filters
  fuel
See Fuel filter
  oil, 80-83, 430

Final drive fluid, 90

First look, 48, 59-60

First purchase, 49

Fitzpatrick, Thom, 464

Floor pan, 297-299

Floors, prepurchase inspection, 64

Flywheel, 189-190
  Carrera Cup, 554, 558
  cost, 516
  double mass (DMF), 6, 189-190
  kW at, 502, 505
  lightweight, 517-520
  model variations, 4, 6, 11, 14, 51
  prepurchase inspection, 68

Flywheel speed reference sensor, 132, 139, 176, 181, 182
  alignment, 460
  troubleshooting, 395

Foglights, 40, 360-361, 418

Footwell flap servo valve, 345

Frequency valve, CIS, 152-153, 395

Fresh air servo valve, 345, 348, 415

Fresh air system, 348

Front spoiler, 40, 41

Fuel, 449, 451

Fuel accumulator, 128

Fuel distributor, CIS, 148, 149, 395

Fuel filter, 84, 104, 127, 128, 430

Fuel injection systems, 125
See also Continuous injection system (CIS); DME engine management
  L-Jetronic system, 502, 507-508
  performance enhancement, 503

Fuel level indicator, 375, 422

Fuel pressure regulator, 129

Fuel pump, 126, 127
  CIS fuel pump relay (R61), 128, 165, 394
  DME main/fuel pump relay (R41), 133, 387-388
  earth (ground), 126
  power, 126
  pressure, 128
  replacement (normally aspirated models), 484
  service and maintenance, 104
  turbocharger control unit, control by, 165

Fuel selector switch, 181

Fuel system, 126-130
  normally aspirated models, 126-130
  recommended fuel, 129-130
  service and maintenance, 104
  stoichiometric ratio, 142-143
  turbocharged models, 127-130

Fuel tank, 126, 298
  carbon fibre, 549
  venting system, 144, 166-167

Full load switch, 139, 156, 390

Fuses, 414-415
See also Relays
  blown, 411-412, 416-419
  central electric (main fuse and relay panel), 69, 382
  ratings, model variations in, 6
  troubleshooting, 385

G

G50 manual transmission, 39, 194, 505, 581

G64 manual transmission, 4, 24, 194, 505, 581

Gagnon, Robert, 557

Gas struts
See Struts, gas

German/English translations, 603-607

Glass, 100, 300
See also Windows

Gramigni, Alessandro, 46

Green Wire Syndrome, 367-368

Grey market import, 55-56, 59

Guerra, Louis, 431

Gulam, Nagib, 468

H

Hall effect sensor, 179
  connector, 393
  testing, 391

Hamilton, Lee, 472, 474

Head gaskets, 8, 16

Headers, exhaust, 510

Headlights, 356-358
  driving lights, 358
  model variations, 6
  remote adjustment, 358
  troubleshooting, 417
  washers, 16, 40, 70, 103, 356, 416

Heat exchangers, 343, 345, 440-443

Heating system, 343-348
See also Air-conditioning and heating control unit; Blower fans
  electrical and electronic components, 344-345
  mechanical components, 343-344
  model variations, 8, 11, 14
  operation, 345-346
  prepurchase inspection, 73, 75
  rear window and mirror heating, 347-348, 417
  repairs, 472-475
  seats
 See Seats
  service and maintenance, 104
  troubleshooting, 413-415
  winterisation, 95

High pressure hydraulic brake booster
See Brake system

H&R suspension upgrade kits, 528, 533-534

Huber, Anke, 45

Humidity control, 102

Hydraulic fluid
See Brake/hydraulic fluid

Hydraulic pressure accumulator, 243
See also Brake system

Hydraulic pressure switch, 242

Hydraulic pump, 218, 242

Hydraulic systems
See also Brake system
  ABS, 253, 404
  clutch, 268
  requirements, 379
  servicing (bleeding), 85, 264-270, 399
  steering system, 257-258

I

Identification codes, 576-581
See also Vehicle identification number (VIN)
  engine number codes, 581
  transmission number codes, 581

Identification label, 56-59

Idle CO%, 395

Idle speed, 67, 139-140, 389, 395, 510

Idle speed control valve (idle stabiliser), 139-140, 181-182

Idle speed switch, 139, 182
  connector, 393
  testing, 390

Ignition control unit, 110, 179-183

Ignition shut-off delay, 166

Ignition system
See also Distributor (ignition)
  interference with electrical wiring, 422
  normally aspirated models, 175-179
  pressure-controlled transistorized (Turbo), 146
  service and maintenance, 104
  turbo engine ignition, 179-183
  turbocharger control unit, control by, 165, 166

Ignition timing, 129, 131-132, 178-179

Indicator lights, 358-359, 417-418

Instruments, 70, 362, 372-375
See also Speedometer; Tachometer; Warning system

Intake air temperature sensor, 138, 182

Intake manifold resonance flap, 141

Interaxle (longitudinal) lock
See Differential locks

Intercooler, 34, 35, 160, 466, 515

Interior, 310-318
See also Airbag system; Seats
  carbon fibre components, 549
  cleaning, 100-101
  color as price driver, 55
  colour codes, 56, 310, 598-602
  humidity control, 102
  model variations, 20, 21, 30, 37
  option prices, 6, 16
  prepurchase inspection, 66
  repairs, 496-500
  weight reduction, 543-544

J

Japan, 11, 39, 41

K

K series
See Model year 1989

Kaminsky, John, 507

K-Jetronic
See Continuous injection system (CIS)

Knock sensors, 130, 177-179, 393

Koni suspension upgrade components, 528, 531, 534, 535

Kricorissian, Gregg, 435, 496

Kunz, Roland, 444

L

L series
See Model year 1990

Label, identification, 56-59

Lateral (transverse) lock
See Differential locks

Lateral (transverse) accelerometer, 221

Le Mans events, 570-572

Leather options, 599-602

Lefebvre, Jean-Michel, 572

Left-hand drive (LHD) vs. right-hand drive (RHD), 319-323

Lights
See also Headlights
  centre rear lighted strip, 360
  current drain troubleshooting, 384-385
  foglights, 40, 360-361, 418
  indicator, 358-359, 417-418
  instrument, 362
  interior lights, 66, 361, 384, 418
  light assembly filler, 359
  model variations, 39
  parking, 359
  prepurchase inspection, 63, 69, 72
  reverse lights (backup lights), 361, 418
  service and maintenance, 104
  taillights, 295, 360, 417
  troubleshooting, 417-418

Limited slip differential, 53, 201-205, 558
  applications, 200
  controlled (PSD), 200, 204-205
  locking value, 201-202
  operation of, 202-203
  option prices, 6
  price, 16
  service and maintenance, 105

Limp-home mode, 144

L-Jetronic fuel injection system, 502, 507-508

Locks, differential
See Differential locks

Locks and latches
  central locking control unit, 362-363, 419
  service and maintenance, 105
  winterisation, 94

Long Life Guarantee, 61, 105

Longitudinal accelerometer
See Accelerometers

Longitudinal (interaxle) lock
See Differential locks

Lubrication, 113-116
See also Oil
  final drive fluid, 90
  locks, 94
  rear window wiper, 95
  seals, 94, 97
  Tiptronic transmission, 90
  turbocharger, 116
  windows, 95
  winterisation, 94-95

Luggage compartment, 311, 316-318
  capacity, 316
  Carrera Cup, 554
  gas struts, 317
  model variations, 20
  prepurchase inspection, 62

M

M series
See Model year 1991

M30/69 engine, 108, 145, 185
See also Turbocharged engine

M30/69SL engine, 35, 108

M64/01 3.6 litre engine, 4, 20, 24, 108, 185
See also Normally aspirated engine

M64/02 3.6 litre engine, 21, 108, 185
See also Normally aspirated engine

M64/03 3.6 litre engine, 108
See also Normally aspirated engine

M64/04 3.6 litre engine, 108
See also Normally aspirated engine

M64/50 3.6 litre engine, 108, 185
See also Turbocharged engine

M64/50S engine, 39

M718 option, 12, 15

MacPherson struts, 229-230

Maintenance
See Service and maintenance

See Manual transmission
Transmission

Mass airflow sensor, 507-508

Miles, John, 437, 485

Mirrors, 355
  heating, 347-348, 417
  internal rear view mirror, installation, 494-495
  model variations, 11, 18
  outside air temperature sensor in, 371
  prepurchase inspection, 70
  troubleshooting, 417

Mixing chamber, 346
  servo valves, 344, 346
   disassembly and inspection, 474-475
   repairs, 472-474
   troubleshooting, 414
  temperature sensors, 344, 346

Mixture control unit, CIS, 147, 166

Model changes
  model year 1990 (L series), 6
  model year 1991 (M series), 8
  model year 1992 (N series), 11
  model year 1993 (P series), 14
  model year 1994 (R series), 16

Model code, 3, 56-57
See also specific series

Model comparisons, 49-54

Model summaries, 1-42

Model year 1989, 3, 4, 17, 108, 582

Model year 1990, 3, 5-6, 582

Model year 1991, 3, 7-8, 582
  Check Engine light, 145
  continuous injection system (CIS), 145
  options list, 586-592

Model year 1992, 3, 9-11, 50, 145, 582, 583

Model year 1993, 3, 12-14, 50, 146-147, 582, 583

Model year 1994, 3, 15-16, 50, 146-147, 582, 583

Model year 1995, 583

Moller, Jens, 563

Montlhéry, 573

Motronic system
See DME engine management

Mufflers, 509

Multimeter, 380, 383, 384, 413

N

N series
See Model year 1992

Newman, Geoff, 561

Newman, Jim, 556

Normally aspirated engine
  alternator and fan bearing replacement, 477-478
  alternator belt/fanbelt, tensioning, 482-483
  codes, 581
  cooling system, 74
  cylinder head refacing (normally aspirated engine), 460-463
  cylinder head torque, 463
  distributor vent kit modification, 60
  ducting, 343
  exhaust system, 167-168
  fuel injection system, 502, 507-508
 See also DME engine management
  heat exchanger replacement, 440-443
  ignition system, 175-179
  oil capacity, 83
  oil pressure sender replacement, 435-437
  oil system, 113
  removal, 447-448, 450
  secondary distributor drive belt replacement, 431-435
  specifications, 109-110

Normally aspirated models, 53
  fuel filter, replacing, 84
  fuel pump replacement, 484
  fuel supply and delivery, 126-130
  rear spoiler warning system bypass, 489-490

NTC temperature sensors, 346-347, 415

O

O"Donnell-Young, Jonathan, 515

Oil
  approved oils, 80
  capacity, 83
  chain tensioner oil supply galleries, 119
  leaks, 460
  mineral oil (dino oil), use of, 78
  model variations, 14
  prepurchase inspection, 67
  service and maintenance, 80-83, 103, 105
  winter, oil for, 95
  winter storage, oil level for, 91

Oil cooler, 35, 74, 114-115, 295
  fan
   manual transmission, 339-340
   Tiptronic transmission, 340, 415
   troubleshooting, 415
  installation of additional system, 40, 513
  model variations, 11, 14, 40
  thermostat, 74, 115-116
   model variations, 6, 8, 11, 14
   oil and filter replacement, 81

Oil filter, 80-83, 430

Oil level indicator, 374, 422, 437

Oil level sender replacement, 437-440

Oil pressure sender replacement, 435-437

Oil system, 113

Oil temperature and oil pressure indicator, 374, 421

Ollmann, Harry, 567

On-board computer (OBC), 6, 70, 371-373

Open loop mode, 143, 155

Option codes, 56, 60, 585-602
  colour codes
 See Colour
  Exclusiv options, 593-596
  M series options list, 586-592

Option M030 sports suspension, 231-232

Option M718, 58

Option prices, 3
  model year 1990 (L series), 6
  model year 1991 (M series), 8
  model year 1994 (R series), 16

Option X33 Turbo engine kit, 33

Option X88 Turbo 3.6S upgrade kit, 41

Original Import Specification, 55

Oversteer, 274-275, 535

Over-voltage protection, 224

Owner"s manual, 60

Owning
See Buying and owning

Oxygen regulation stop, 142

Oxygen sensor
  CIS, 146, 151, 153-155, 164, 395
  connector, 451
  DME engine management
   connector, 391, 393
   main/fuel pump and oxygen sensor heater relay (R41), 133, 387-388
   testing, 391
  normally aspirated, 142-144

Oxygen sensor control unit
  CIS, 154-156, 164, 165
  model variations, 8, 11, 14

P

P series
See Model year 1993

Pagid® brake pads, 18, 95, 565

Paint
  colour
 See Colour
  exterior washing, 98-99
  exterior wax and polish, 99
  model variations, 8
  prepurchase inspection, 62
  price, 6, 16

Panorama, 55

Parking lights, 359

Passenger airbag
See Airbag system

PDAS control unit, 401

PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung), 188, 210-225
  activation indicator, 215, 222
  activation switch, 222
  antispin control, 213
  bleeding components of, 269-270
  components, 216-225
  curve driving correction factor, 213-214
  differential locks
 See Differential locks
  failure, 223, 252
  high pressure hydraulic pump, 242
  manual activation, 215
  normal traction control, 212-213
  operation, 212, 216-225
  plumbing, 225
  rolling radius tolerance and correction factor, 214-215
  testing, 73, 402-404
  troubleshooting, 396-400, 402-404
  under- and over-voltage protection system, 224
  warning lights, 222-224, 349, 350, 397-399, 405

PDAS/ABS control unit, 212-217, 249, 251
  cruise control operation, 368
  model variations, 8, 11
  pin assignments, 402
  troubleshooting, 396-397, 401
  wiring harness, 225

Performance, 501-549
  body performance modifications, 521-522
  brake modifications, 538-542
  carbon fibre, use of, 549
  Carrera 2 vs. Carrera 4, 51
  costs, 502, 506, 513, 515-517
  engine and transmission enhancements, 505-521
  RUF RCT Evo, 545-548
  suspension modifications, 523-538
  titanium, use of, 549
  weight reduction, 543-544

Pikes Peak 1994, 564

Pistons, 516
  callipers, 11
  replacement, 460-461
  Turbo 3.6 engine, 117

Porsche 911
  (3.2) Carrera, 17
  Anniversary Turbo-look Carrera 4, 12, 14, 22, 50, 56, 580, 583
  converted to 964, 65
  SC/RS Paris-Dakar rally car, 17, 553

Porsche 938/68 engine, 110-111

Porsche 953 (SC/RS Paris-Dakar rally car), 2, 17, 553

Porsche 959, 2, 17

Porsche 964 special versions, 17-42

Porsche 993, 15

Porsche Club of America, 55, 524, 566-568

Porsche Exclusiv, 25, 39, 593-597

Porsche Spezial Werke, 9

Porsche web sites, 55

Post-purchase maintenance, 77

Power interlock circuit, 224

Prepurchase guide, 48, 61-76

Prepurchase inspection, 48, 76

Pressure switch
  3-level, A/C, 334, 414
  high pressure hydraulic pump, switch replacement, 486-488

Prices, car, 2
  Carrera RS, 502
  model year 1989 (K series), 4
  model year 1990 (L series), 5
  model year 1991 (M series), 7-8
  model year 1993 (P series), 14
  model year 1994 (R series), 16
  options
 See Option prices
  performance enhancement
 See Performance
  performance enhancements, cost of
 See Performance
  price drivers, 55-56
  price guide, 55
  service and repairs, 76, 79, 424, 460, 479-480, 516

Probst, Charles O., 503

Production runs, 582-583

Pulse-duty factor, 152, 155, 156

R

R series
See Model year 1994

Racing versions, Porsche 964, 2, 551-573
  Carrera Cup, 10, 512, 554-557
  Le Mans events, 570-572
  Montlhéry, 573
  Porsche 953 Paris-Dakar, 2, 17, 553

Radio, 6, 367-368, 385

RCT Evo
See RUF RCT Evo

Rear blower fan
See Blower fan

Rear differential
See Differential

Rear seat
See Seats

Rear spoiler, 301-305
  control knob/switch, 6, 301
  control unit, 8, 301-303
  curtain, 304-305
  fixed rear wing, 522
  manual control switch, 303
  mechanical operation, 302
  microswitches, 303-304
  model variations, 20, 24, 40, 41
  prepurchase inspection, 64, 71
  retractable spoiler warning system, disabled, 64
  service and maintenance, 105
  system operation, 303
  troubleshooting, 410-411
  understeer and oversteer, 275
  variations, 301-302
  warning system, 304, 350, 351, 410-411
   bypass, 489-490

Rear view mirrors
See Mirrors

Rear wheel drive (RWD), 5, 49, 581

Rear window demister/wiper, 70, 347-348, 355
  option prices, 6, 8
  prepurchase inspection, 70, 75
  relay and fuse, 353
  troubleshooting, 416
  winterisation, 95

Receiver/dryer, 334, 471

Recirculating air valve, 163, 394, 466

Recirculation switch, 335, 341

Refrigerant, 14, 86, 333
  evacuation, 469
  leaks, 469, 471

Reggiani, Loris, 46

Regulator, 14, 170, 172-173, 380-384

Reif, Cyril, 560

Relays, 353
  ABS, 252
  central electric (main fuse and relay panel), 69, 382
  CIS fuel pump relay (R61), 394
  DME main/fuel pump and oxygen sensor heater relay (R41), 133, 387-388
  power window regulator, 355
  R34, 252
  R51, 252
  rear blower fan, 345
  troubleshooting, 411

Rennlist, 55

Repairs, 423-500
  air-conditioning and heating systems, 468-476
  costs, 76, 79, 424, 460, 479-480, 516
  crash, 327-323
  documentation, 60
  electrical system, 475-486
  engine
 See Engine repairs
  prepurchase inspection, 62-63

Resonance valve, 141, 391, 393

Ressdorf, Horst, 440

Reverse lights, 361, 418

Ride height, 12, 66, 238, 261-263, 525-529, 534-535

Right-hand drive (RHD), 55
  brake/hydraulic fluid reservoir, 85
  Carrera 2 Targa "Florio," 25
  model codes, 56-57
  model variations, 37, 41
  speed limit warning, 352
  vs. left-hand drive (LHD), 319-323, 357

Ring gear lubrication (final drive fluid), 90

Rochford, George, 486

Rocker arms, 118

Roof
See also Sunroof
  Cabriolet, 306-308
   colours, 598
   components, 306
   covering replacement, 308
   mechanical operation, 306
   prepurchase inspection, 63, 71
   system operation, 307
   troubleshooting, 411
  Speedster, 308
  Targa, 71

Rotor replacement, 467

ROW, 332
  alarm horn, 365
  production runs, 582-583
  Turbo 3.6, 12, 237, 260
  Turbo 3.6S, 39
  Turbo S, 35-38
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-579

RS 3.8, 13, 14, 31-32, 50, 580, 583
  engine type, 108
  model code, 57
  RSR, differentiated from, 13

RS America (RSA), 12, 14-16, 20, 57, 580, 583
  brake system modifications, 540-542
  engine series ID code, 58
  engine type, 108
  racing use, 561

RSR 3.8, 13, 31-32, 50, 580, 583

Ruf, Alois, 545-547

RUF engines, 545-546

RUF RCT Evo, 22, 514, 536, 545-548, 564

RUF suspension upgrade kits, 528, 533-535, 565

Rummenigge, Karl-Heinz, 45

RWD
See Rear wheel drive (RWD)

S

Sachs suspension components, 528, 531

Scheepers, Stef, 274

Scholz, Jon, 466

Seals
  anti-tamper, Carrera Cup, 555
  engine reinstallation, 457
  prepurchase inspection, 64
  service and maintenance, 105
  windshield, 491-492
  winterisation, 94, 97

Seam welding, Carrera RS, 324-327

Seasonal service, 91-97

Seat belts, 41
  colour codes, 602
  service and maintenance, 105
  warning light, 349, 370, 375, 412
   repair, 496-499

Seats, 311-315
  bucket
 See Bucket seats
  child seats, 315
  cleaning, 101
  colour codes, 600-602
  comfort, 311
  front, 311-313
  heated, 8, 66, 313, 412
  model variations, 41
  operation, 313
  option prices, 6
  prepurchase inspection, 66, 70
  price, 8, 16
  racing, Carrera Cup, 554
  rear, 16, 41, 314-315, 544
  release buttons, 314
  sports
 See Sports seats
  tall drivers, seat rail adjustment for, 327-328
  troubleshooting, 412

Secondary air injection, 161-162

Seinfeld, Jerry, 23

Sekuriflex glass, 300

Service and maintenance, 77-90
See also Repairs; Wheel alignment
  ABS, 256
  air-conditioning, 86-89
  battery
 See Battery
  brakes
 See Brake system
  costs, 76, 79
  DME control unit, 184
  engine drive belts, 185
  front wheel hub bearing modification, 259
  fuel filter, replacing, 84
  guide to maintenance, 103-105
  hydraulic system servicing, 264-270
  intervals, 77-78, 80
  oil and oil filter, 80-83
  post-purchase maintenance, 77
  rear axle, Turbo 3.6, 260
  rear engine mount failure, 121
  rear wheel toe-in correction, 260-261
  schedule, 78
  seat adjustment for tall drivers, 327-328
  steering
 See Steering
  storage and seasonal service, 91-97
  summer, preparation for, 96-97
  throttle housing, 184
  Tiptronic transmission, 89-90, 103
  water leaks, 329
  winter car care, 96

Service record book, 60, 61

Severe service intervals, 78

Sharpes, Tom, 475, 562

Shock absorbers, 231, 523, 525, 528-529, 535

Sigla glass, 300

Sound system, 6, 8, 20, 70.
See also Radio;Soundproofing
  prepurchase inspection, 64
  removal, 543-544, 554

Spark plug wire replacement, 467

Special versions, Porsche 964, 17-42

Speed control, 368-369

Speed limit warning, 352

Speed pulse sender, 301-303

Speedline for Porsche wheels
See Wheels

Speedometer, 40, 372-373, 410, 419-421

Speedster, 14-16, 23, 49, 52, 580, 583
  engine types, 108
  model code, 57
  roof, 308

Speedster Tiptronic, 49, 54, 579

Speedster Turbo-look, 15, 23, 50, 108, 580, 583

Spezial Werke, 53

Spoiler
  front, 40, 41
  rear
 See Rear spoiler

Sports seats, 6, 8, 311-312

Springs
See Coil springs

Stabiliser bars, 230, 234-235
  model variations, 31
  removal, 452

Standard open differential, 200, 203

Starter, 170-171

Starting, troubleshooting, 388-389, 394

Static current drain troubleshooting, 380-381, 384-386

Steering, 228, 256-258
  Carrera Cup, 554
  hydraulic pressure, 257-258
  model variations, 11, 20, 26, 35, 36
  power steering belt replacement, 444-445
  power steering fluid, 258
  prepurchase inspection, 67, 75
  principles of operation, 256-258
  pump, 444-445
  service and maintenance, 103, 104, 264
  understeer and oversteer, 50, 274-275, 535
  wheel removal and installation (models with airbag), 500

Stevens, George, 569

Stoichiometric ratio, 142-143

Storage, seasonal, 91-92, 96-97

Storage compartment
See Luggage compartment

Stoupas, Jeremy, 13

Streather, Adrian, 273, 425, 466

Struts, gas
  engine bay lid, 317-318
  luggage compartment, 317

Struts (suspension system), 229-230, 525
  front strut upper mounts, 235
  lowering of car, 528-529, 535
  manufacturers, 528
  model variations, 6, 8
  rear strut upper mounts, 236
  strut brace, installation of, 536, 558, 566
  upgrade, 529

Summer, preparation for, 96-97, 282-283

Sunroof, 309
  front wind deflector, 295
  model variations, 8, 20, 21
  prepurchase inspection, 71
  troubleshooting, 411

Supercharger, 514-515

Suspension, 228-237.
See also Ride height
  aftermarket systems, 531-532
  Carrera Cup, 555, 557
  handling, 524-525
  model variations, 8, 20, 27, 31, 35, 36
  Option M030 sports suspension, 231-232
  performance modifications, 523-538
  Porsche systems, 530-531
  prepurchase inspection, 66
  racing modification, 558
  service and maintenance, 103
  stiffness rating, 533
  Turbo 3.6 (1993), 12
  turbocharger/supercharger installation, 515
  understeer and oversteer, 50, 274-275, 535
  upgrade kits, 533-535
  USA and ROW Turbo 3.6 suspension, differences between, 237

Sway bars, 275, 535, 554, 558

System analysis, 379

T

Tachometer, 371, 373, 421

Taillights
See Lights

Tank venting valve, testing, 391, 393

Targa, 5, 49, 577-579, 582-583
  alarm system, test of, 69
  prepurchase inspection, 64
  roof, prepurchase inspection of, 71

Temperature control knob, 335, 345

Temperature sensors
  air temperature sensor, testing, 391
  air-conditioning control panel, fault, 386
  engine
 See Engine temperature sensor
 See also Cylinder head (engine) temperature sensor
  interior, 344
  mixing chamber, 344, 346
  outside air, 371
  troubleshooting, 414-415

Temperature valve, carbon canister fuel venting system, 166

Test drive, 72, 75-76
  maintenance guide, 104-105
  RUF RCT Evo, 546-548
  suspension system, 532

Thermo-time switch, 158-159

Thierer, Joerg and Frank, 566

Throttle housing
  identification, 395
  service and maintenance, 184

Throttle position potentiometer, 139

Throttle switches, CIS, 156

Throttle valve switch connector, 390

Throttle valves, modification of, 508

Tie rod ends, 103

Timing gear, 189

Tiptronic control unit, 196
  information processing in, 197
  model variations, 8, 11
  sensors and electronic components, 199
  shift curves, operation in, 198

Tiptronic models
  engine removal, 453-454, 457
  engine/transmission assembly, separating and assembling, 458
  production numbers, 582-583
  speedometer, 373, 420-421
  throttle position potentiometer, 139
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-579

Tiptronic open differential, 205

Tiptronic transmission, 21, 54, 188, 194-199
  applications, 193
  control system, 195-197
  DME control unit coding, 136
  emergency filling, 90
  engine series ID code, 58
  engine type and, 108
  fault codes, 614
  final drive fluid, 90
  fluid (ATF)
 See Automatic transmission fluid (ATF))
  fully automatic mode, 195
  lightweight, 549
  manual mode, 195
  model variations, 5
  number codes, 581
  sensors and electronic components, 199
  service, 89-90, 103
  shift characteristics, 198

Titanium, 516, 549

Title check, 59

Torque transfer unit (centre differential), 188, 206, 208

Toyo tires, 277-278

Traction control
See PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung)

Translations
  English/American, 608
  German/English, 603-607
  technical terms, 609

Transmission
  6-speed, 516, 545, 546
  engine type and, 108
  engine/transmission assembly, separating and assembling, 458-459
  manual, 54, 193-194
 See also G50 manual transmission; G64 manual transmission
   applications, 193
   DME control unit coding, 136
   engine removal, 453
   engine type and, 108
   gear ratios, 194
   service, 103
  model variations, 18, 21
  number code, 56, 581
  power lost at, 505
  prepurchase inspection, 75
  removal, 446-447
  RUF design, 545
  service and maintenance, 103
  Tiptronic
 See Tiptronic transmission
  transplants, 516-517

Transmission mount, 112

Transverse (lateral) lock
See Differential locks

Trim, 37, 101

Trip computer
See On-board computer (OBC)

Troubleshooting, 377-422
  air-conditioning and heating system, 413-415
  antiblocking system (ABS), 407-410
  body systems, 410-413
  brakes, 404-406
  drivetrain, 396-404
  electrical systems, 416-419
  engine electrics, 380-386
  engine management systems, 387-395
  instruments, 420-422
  overview, 378-380
  system analysis, 379
  system requirements, 379

Turbo 3.6, 12, 14-16, 53, 578-580, 583
  continuous fuel injection (CIS), 146-147
  engine type, 108
  Flachbau, 16
  ignition system, 179-183
  IMSA, 14, 42, 580
  racing use, 565
  rear axle, USA and ROW versions, 260
  suspension, USA and ROW versions, 237

Turbo 3.6S, 15, 33, 39-41, 53, 580, 583

Turbo S, 10, 33, 35-38, 53, 108, 580, 583

Turbo S LM (LeMans) GT, 570

Turbo S2, 10, 34, 53, 563, 580

Turbocharged engine, 110-111
  alternator and fan bearing replacement, 477-478
  alternator belt/fanbelt, tensioning, 483
  codes, 581
  controls, 164-166
  cylinder head torque, 463
  ducting, 343-344
  engine type, 108
  exhaust system, 168-169
  fuel injection system
 See Continuous injection system (CIS)
  ignition system, 179-183
  intercooler removal and installation, 466
  kit (M30/69S), 33
  lubrication, 116
  oil capacity, 83
  oil system, 113
  removal, 447-448, 451-452, 457
  service and maintenance, 104
  specifications, 111
  Turbocharger, 34, 39, 163-164

Turbocharged models, 7, 8, 10, 33-42, 53
  fuel filter, replacing, 84
  fuel supply and delivery, 127-130
  model codes, 57
  option X33 Turbo engine kit, 33
  transmission applications, 193
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-579
  winter storage, 91-92, 96-97
  installation for performance enhancement, 514-515

Turbocharger control unit, 110, 164-166

Turbo-look models, 50
See also RS 3.8; RSR 3.8
  911 Anniversary, 12
  Carrera 2
 See Carrera 2
  Carrera 4
 See Carrera 4
  engine removal, 447
  performance, effect on, 522
  Porsche 911 Anniversary Turbo-look Carrera 4
 See Porsche 911
  Speedster Turbo-look
 See Speedster Turbo-look
  vehicle identification numbers, 580

Type code, 56-57

Tyres, 273-290, 544
  approved tyres, 282-284
  cold tyre pressures, 92
  commentary, 289-290
  dressing, 101
  model year 1989 (K series), 4
  modifications to, 286
  N-rating, 285
  PDAS/ABS control unit operation and, 214-215
  prepurchase inspection, 65
  ratings, 277-278, 290
  RCT Evo, 546
  replacement, 76
  spare, 68
  speed index, 278
  summer tires, 97, 282-283
  technical service bulletins, 287
  tested, 289
  understeer and oversteer, 274-275
  unsprung mass, 277, 544
  winter storage, 91, 92
  winter tires, 93, 214, 283-285

U

Under car maintenance guide, 103

Understeer, 50, 274-275

Under-voltage protection, 224

Unsprung mass, 277, 544

USA, 332
  alarm horn, 365
  production runs, 582-583
  Turbo 3.6, 12, 237, 260
  Turbo 3.6S, 39
  Turbo S2, 34
  vehicle identification numbers, 577-579

V

Vacuum limiter valve, 160

Vacuum powered brake booster, 243

Valves, 118
  adjustment, 425-431
  lift, 119

Varioram installations, 515

Vehicle identification number (VIN), 56, 59, 576-580
  deciphering, 576
  engine series ID code, 58
  limited edition VINs by model year, 579-580
  M718 option, 12, 15, 58
  model year code letters, 3
  standard model VINs by model year, 577-579

Vent supply selectors, 335

Vibration dampener runout, 117

Visual inspection, 60, 67

W

Warm-up regulator
See Control pressure regulator, CIS

Warning system, 310, 349-352, 378-379
See also Alarm system
  ABS failure
 See ABS (antiblocking system)
  airbag
 See Airbag system
  alternator, 381
  brake booster pressure, 242, 349-350, 398, 405-406
  brake pad wear warning, 270
  cancel warning button, 350, 351
  central informer, 352, 370, 374, 413
   troubleshooting, 419
  Check Engine light, 8, 145
  clock, lights in
 See Clock
  fuel level, 375, 422
  instrument lighting, 362
  master warning, 350, 352
  oil temperature and oil pressure indicator, 374, 421
  PDAS
 See PDAS (Porsche Dynamische Allrad Steuerung)
  prepurchase inspection, 72
  priorities, 351
  rear spoiler
 See Rear spoiler
  seat belt
 See Seat belts
  speed limit, 352
  turning ignition key ON, 349-351

Washers, 355-356
  prepurchase inspection, 70
  pump replacement, 485-486
  service and maintenance, 103
  tank, removal of, 544
  troubleshooting, 416
  winterisation, 94

Waste gate
See Boost pressure control valve (waste gate)

Water leaks, 329

Watkins Glen, 565

Watson, Don, 23

Wheel alignment, 14, 238, 261-263

Wheel speed sensors, 219, 251, 277, 302
  testing, 398, 402, 409

Wheels, 228, 273-290
  18-inch wheels, 280-281, 288, 544, 546
  bearing failure, 399
  Cup design, 287
  Design 90, 4, 18, 544
  Design 92, 279, 281, 287
  Design 93, 279, 281
  front wheel hub bearing modification, 259
  lightweight, 544
  model variations, 6, 11, 14, 18, 27, 31, 39-41, 546, 554, 557
  modifications to, 286
  offset, 275
  option prices, 6
  paint code, 598
  PDAS/ABS control unit operation and, 214-215
  prepurchase inspection, 65, 72
  price, 16
  rear wheel toe-in correction, 260-261
  rub test, 72
  spacers, 276, 277, 566
  Speedline for Porsche, 12, 31, 39, 279, 281
  summer, 97
  technical service bulletins, 287
  Turbo 3.6 (1993), 12
  types, 279-281
  understeer and oversteer, 274-275
  unsprung mass, 277, 544
  winter storage, 91, 96
  winter wheels, 93

Wide open throttle (WOT) switch, 139, 156, 390

Windows, 295, 355
See also Windshield
  cleaning, 100
  prepurchase inspection, 69
  rear window heating, 347-348
  troubleshooting, 416
  winterisation, 95

Windshield, 295, 300
  intensive cleaning system, 70, 103, 356, 416
  model variations, 40
  option prices, 6
  replacement, 490-493
  washer
 See Washers
  wipers
 See Wipers

Winter car care, 96

Winterisation/dewinterisation, 91, 93-95, 97, 283-285, 305

Wipers, 70, 95, 355, 416
See also Rear window demister/wiper

Z

Zeh, Stuart, 23